MuscleTables
MuscleTables
Table1-3
MUSCLE
PROXIMAL
ATTACHMENT
(ORIGIN)
DISTAL
ATTACHMENT
(INSERTION)
INNERVATION
MAIN ACTIONS
BLOOD SUPPLY
MUSCLE
GROUP
Levator labii
superioris
Maxilla above
infra-orbital foramen
Skin of upper lip
Zygomatic and
buccal
branches of
facial nerve
Elevates upper lip,
dilates nares
Superior labial artery
and angular
branches of facial
artery
Facial expression
Levator palpebrae
superioris
Lesser wing of
sphenoid, anterior
to optic canal
Superior tarsal
plate
Oculomotor nerve
(CN III),
superior
division
Raises upper eyelid
Ophthalmic artery
Extra-ocular;
eyelid
Levator veli palatini
Temporal bone (petrous
portion)
Palatine
aponeurosis
Vagus nerve via
pharyngeal
plexus
Elevates soft palate
during
swallowing
Ascending palatine
artery branch of
facial artery,
descending palatine
artery branch of
maxillary artery
Palatal
Longus capitis
Anterior tubercles of
transverse
processes of C3–C6
Inferior surface of
basilar part of
occipital bone
Ventral rami of
cervical
nerves
(C1–C4)
Flexes and assists in
rotating cervical
vertebrae and
head
Ascending cervical
branch of inferior
thyroid artery,
ascending
pharyngeal artery,
muscular branches
of vertebral artery
Prevertebral
Longus colli
Vertical portion:
C5–T3
vertebrae
Inferior oblique portion:
T1–T3 vertebrae
Superior oblique
portion
: anterior
tubercles of
transverse
processes of C3–C5
vertebrae
Vertical portion:
into C2–C4
vertebrae
Inferior oblique
portion
on
anterior
tubercles of
transverse
processes
of C5–C6
vertebrae
Superior oblique
portion:
tubercle of
anterior arch
of atlas
Ventral primary
rami of
cervical
nerves
(C2–C8)
Bilaterally
: flex and
assist in rotating
cervical
vertebrae and
head
Unilaterally:
flexes
vertebral column
laterally
Prevertebral branches of
ascending
pharyngeal artery,
muscular branches
of ascending
cervical and
vertebral arteries
Prevertebral
Masseter
Zygomatic arch
Ramus of
mandible,
coronoid
process
Mandibular nerve
(CN V
3
), via
masseteric
nerve
Elevates and
protrudes
mandible; deep
fibers retrude it
Transverse facial artery;
masseteric branch
of maxillary and
facial arteries
Mastication
Medial pterygoid
Medial surface of lateral
plate of pterygoid,
pyramidal process
of palatine bone,
maxillary tuberosity
Medial surface of
ramus and
angle of
mandible
inferior to
mandibular
foramen
Mandibular nerve
(V
3
), nerve to
medial
pterygoid
Bilaterally:
protrude
and elevate
mandible
Unilaterally and
alternately:
produces
side-to-side
movements
Facial and maxillary
arteries
Mastication
Medial rectus
Common tendinous ring
Medial aspect of
eyeball,
posterior to
corneoscleral
junction
Oculomotor nerve
(CN III),
inferior
division
Adducts eyeball
Ophthalmic artery
Extra-ocular
Mentalis
Incisive fossa of
mandible
Skin of chin
Mandibular
branch of
facial nerve
Raises and protrudes
lower lip
Inferior labial branch of
facial artery
Facial expression
Middle pharyngeal
constrictor
Stylohyoid ligament and
horns of hyoid bone
Median raphe of
pharynx
Vagus nerve via
pharyngeal
plexus
Constricts wall of
pharynx during
swallowing
Ascending pharyngeal
artery, ascending
palatine and
tonsillar branches of
facial artery, dorsal
lingual branches of
lingual artery
Circular
pharyngeal
Mylohyoid
Mylohyoid line of
mandible
Median raphe and
body of hyoid
bone
Nerve to
mylohyoid
nerve (branch
of trigeminal
nerve)
Elevates hyoid bone,
base of tongue,
floor of mouth;
depresses
mandible
Sublingual branch of
lingual artery,
submental branch
of facial artery
Suprahyoid
